Communist Party of Annam (''An Nam cộng sản Đảng'') was a Vietnamese political party that existed from August 1929 until February 1930. (Annam was the common name of Vietnam at that time.) It was created by leaders of the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League was formed by Ho Chi Minh in 1926 as a section of the

Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League (; Chữ Nôm: ''越南青年革命同志会''), or Thanh Niên for short, was founded by Nguyen Ai Quoc (best known as Ho Chi Minh) in Guangzhou in the spring of 1925. It is considered as the “first truly Mar ...

. Initially based in Guangzhou, southern

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, the League created publications that were clandestinely smuggled into Vietnam. In 1927 the communists were expelled from Guangzhou by

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...

. The league's first (and only) congress was held in Hong Kong in May 1929. It was marred by factionalism that mirrored the struggle between Joseph Stalin and

Nikolai Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин) ( – 15 March 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, Marxist philosopher and economist and prolific author on revolutionary theory. ...

then going on in Moscow. Inspired by Stalin's call for communist separatism,

Trần Văn Cung Trần Văn Cung ( Nghi Lộc, 5 May 1906 – Hanoi, 31 October 1977) was a Vietnamese revolutionary, who was the secretary of the first communist cell in Vietnam. Family Trần Văn Cung was born 5 May 1906 in Kim Khe Trung village, Nghi L� ...

, head of league's Tonkin section, led a walkout by a group of delegates. Cung returned to Vietnam and, on June 17, founded the Communist Party of Indochina. Other Vietnamese communist leaders were reluctant to act decisively until the outcome in Moscow was clear. In August, the remaining leadership of the league founded the CPA. The party was led by a five-member "special branch", including

Châu Vǎn Liêm Chu ( or Châu () is a Vietnamese surname. It is transliterated as Zhou (for ''Chu'') and Zhu (for ''Châu'') in Chinese, and Ju in Korean. Chau is the anglicized variation of Châu. Notable people with the surname Chu/Châu *Chu Văn An ...

(Secretary),

Nguyễn Thiệu Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元）is a different word and surname. By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this ...

Lê Hồng Sơn Le is a romanization of several rare East Asian surnames and a common Vietnamese surname. It is a fairly common surname in the United States, ranked 975th during the 1990 census and 368th during the 2000 census. In 2000, it was the eighth-most-co ...

Hồ Tùng Mậu Hồ Tùng Mậu (15 June 1896 – 23 July 1951) was a revolutionary activist and politician in Vietnam. He was a member of both the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist Party of Vietnam, a member of the Central Central Committee of the Co ...

,... and Le Quang Dat.Duiker, William J., ''Ho Chi Minh'', p. 159. On October 27, 1929,

Comintern The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet Union, Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to ...

issued a letter criticizing the CPA, praising the ICP, and directing that a conference be held to reunite the parties.Duiker, p. 160. (This was the method of resolving the dispute proposed by the CPA leadership.) The two parties merged in February 1930 at a conference in

Kowloon Kowloon () is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. With a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of in 2006, it is the most populous area in Hong Kong, compared with Hong Kong Island and t ...

, forming the

Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North ...

. Ho Chi Minh, at this time a representative of Comintern, presided over this conference.

References

{{Authority control Defunct political parties in Vietnam Communist parties in Vietnam History of the Communist Party of Vietnam Political parties established in 1929 Political parties disestablished in 1930 1929 establishments in French Indochina 1930 disestablishments in French Indochina 1929 establishments in Vietnam 1930 disestablishments in Vietnam 1920s in French Indochina 1920s in Vietnam